My brothers and I made a video for a Tuttle Twins contest. Tuttle Twins teach kids about free trade the dangers of protectionism and a lot of other things to help you be successful in life. You can watch are video here: https://cont.st/DbiGlT_HKpxJQM?g=1 and get the Tuttle Twins books here: https://tuttletwins.com/products/. If you liked the video please vote for us and share it with your friends.

Earth’s atmosphere, is made of six layers of gasses. The troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere are the six layers of the atmosphere. The troposphere is the innermost layer of the atmosphere. The troposphere gets its name from the weather that changes and mixes up the gasses near the crust. The stratosphere is the second layer of earth’s atmosphere. This layer is 22 miles thick and filled with ozone to protect earth from ultra violet radiation from the sun. Life would not be possible with out this layer, because if it disappeared earth would be filled with radiation. The mesosphere is the middle layer of the atmosphere and it protects earth from meteors. If you ever watch a meteor shower, the meteors are burning up in the mesosphere. The thermosphere is another layer of earth’s atmosphere. The thermosphere is also home to the international space station. The thermosphere is the hottest layer of earth’s atmosphere, getting up to four thousand and five hundred degrees. The ionosphere is the fifth layer of the atmosphere. The ionosphere will grow and shrink depending on the energy it absorbs from the sun. The exosphere is the last layer of the atmosphere. The exosphere separates all the layers from space. These are the six layers of the atmosphere.

information:https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/atmosphere/en/

God is still actively involved with his creation both directly and indirectly. God controls natural processes like rain, snow, storms, and a lot of other things. God’s preservation of His creation does not mean He acts or intervenes directly with nature. For example, He does not make trees grow super fast. God also has supreme dominion over the entire universe. Like the flood of the Nile river. God made that happen. In the bible, Moses said everything belonged to God, and it does. Many natural disasters occur and affect God’s things, like people. People say these things happen when God is angry. I believe it happens naturally, but these are questions we most likely will never know the answers to.

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by Influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. Older people with health conditions are more vulnerable to higher risk of flu complications. There are two main types of Influenza virus, type A and type B. Though the annual influenza vaccine isn’t 100% effective, supposedly it’s still your best defense against the flu. ( I don’t believe vaccines are your best defense against the flu.) At first, the virus feels like a normal cold, but it forms very slowly. Some symptoms of the virus are dry cough, headache and shortness of breath. These are just a few symptoms of the virus.

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/keyfacts.htm https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719

Dark chocolate is a sweet treat, it also has many benefits. One of the benefits is it leads to a lower risk of heart disease. Another benefit is it is very nutritious for humans, but not for dogs. Another benefit is it helps improve brain function. Dark chocolate also protects skin from sunburn. Dark chocolate is also is a new anxiety drug.

7 Surprising Benefits of Dark Chocolate

My plant is a Christmas Cactus. The leaves on the Christmas Cactus are very sharp and pointy. It only blooms around Christmas time, and the flowers are pink and red. The leaves are dark green, light green, and red. There are no visible veins on the leaves either. The Christmas Cactus is one of my favorite plants around Christmas time.

The red rose is one type of rose that can grow here in Colorado.  To grow it you have to plant it in a warm area and water it daily. The red rose is also a symbol of love.  The yellow rose is another type of rose that can grow here, but it is more rare.  To grow the yellow rose you have to plant it in fertilized soil and water every day. The yellow rose is also a symbol of friendship. Another rose that can grow here is the pink rose that symbols gratitude.  To care for it, put it in a pot with fertile soil and water daily.  

Plants get their energy from photosynthesis. They collect sunlight and turn it into sugar and starch from carbon dioxide.  The sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules that turn it into balls of energy.  These are taken into cells that mix co2 taken from sugar and starch.  Below the surface of the plant at the roots, there are water and mineral substances that help the plant grow.  The minerals keep the plant healthy, and the water hydrates the plant to it doesn’t die.  

Earth’s crust is the outer layer of earth, also known as the ice cap. It is called the ice cap because it has ice below it to keep cool. The crust holds the trees, the water, and the rest of the life on earth. If earth’s crust was not here we would be walking on the ridged mantle. The ridged mantle is the second layer of the earth. It is closer to the core making it much warmer. It would be a lot harder to build buildings and grow plants and there would be a lot more fires. The third layer of earth is called the stiffer mantle. It is right next to the core and would be impossible to live there because it is so hot. The core is the very center of the earth. It is the hottest part of earth, because it is made of magma. In total, there are five layers which make up the earth. The area I live in Colorado sits on 45 kilometers, or 27.961703651 miles, of the earth’s crust.

My rock is Gneiss. It is a metamorphic rock that I found in my backyard. Gneiss is formed by another metamorphic rock called Schist. Schist is formed from fine grained sedimentary rock. Gneiss can also be formed by Igneous rock . Gneiss is a very light colored rock. We have a lot of Gneiss in our front and back gardens. It is also one of my favorite rocks because it is light colored and it is covered in crystals. Gneiss is a very unique type of rock with crystals and layers. I have a rock collection, but it has dark Gneiss. Gneiss is also great for architecture like the Washington Monument, and the Konark Sun Temple in India. These both have Gneiss in them. There are many types of Gneiss, including Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss. Gneiss is also one of the oldest rocks in history. If you ever touch Gneiss it feels rough and bumpy.

https://rocks.comparenature.com/en/gneiss-uses/model-12-7

Sawyer W. Science 6

Rocks are formed by weather breaking pieces of sediment off mountains and falling down into a river bed. The river deposits it on shore and it gets compressed into sedimentary rock. It gets heated up by magma, and melts into metamorphic rock. Then the magma crystalizes, and turns into igneous rock. Finally, the rock is carried back to the surface and the process starts all over again.

For this science project, I was supposed to print a piece to solve a problem. I printed a vacuum piece, because the piece that attached the hose to the vacuum broke.  I designed the piece on Tinkercad and printed it on my Ender 3Pro.  I had three failed prints before I figured something else out to fix the piece.  To fix the piece a different way I cut the top off one of the failed prints and trimmed it to fit the piece that broke. Then I glued it to the broken piece and put it on the vacuum. I faced many problems and I nearly quit trying to fix it, but it finally works.  

This is the end of my fourth grade science!

For my final science project, I decided to print a phone charging station.  I decided to print a phone charging station because we didn’t have a lot of room on the counter to charge them.  I designed it on Tinkercad and printed it on my Ender 3 Pro.  I encountered many problems, including 16 failed prints due to a bed that was not level and a piece that kept popping out of my printer.  I completed my project by leveling the bed and gluing in the piece that kept popping out. I put two holes for the chargers to go through then I used Velcro to attach it to the wall. I tested it and it charges two phones at once.  When solving a problem, I need to work on not procrastinating and getting overwhelmed.          

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The kelp forest is a very beautiful underwater forest found in the Pacific Ocean. There is thick kelp all over like trees, and a lot of cool animals such as little stingrays. Scientists are studying these forests to figure out what creatures live there. They also are trying to learn about the environment in the kelp forests. Every time you do this project you help the scientists learn more about the kelp forests.

In English this year, I learned a lot about grammar, proper punctuation, and how to write a paragraph. I enjoyed writing about My Room, If I Could Time Travel, and If a Lion Walked into my House. I liked writing the essays the most because I can relax while writing them. English this year was helpful in a lot of ways.

The citizen science project helps scientists learn more about where animals live and what they eat. Each time you do a citizen science project it helps scientists learn about animals. Scientists are trying to learn more about animals because it helps them help the animals.

The citizens science project helps scientists learn more about animals and where they live. When they receive your information it lets them know where to put wildlife cameras to catch more animals. They send you back the pictures from the new cameras and you identify those pictures, while they identify pictures from other cameras. From this project they are trying to learn more about where animals live and what they do.

Saving a friend

            One day three ducks were sitting by a tree in the rain eating.  After they were done eating, they took a walk in the forest.  While they were walking, they noticed the forest was quieter than usual.  Then, they heard a stick snap!  They started to run back to their duck house.  But as they were running, one of their friends disappeared!  The others went looking for their friend.  They went back where they last saw her.  The friends found feathers in the fence!  They followed the feathers for a half hour, then, they finally found their friend ready to be roasted in a fox’s den.  They untied her and set a trap for the fox.  When the fox stepped in, it would pull him over the fire and drop him in a pot! Then they went home and had a party to celebrate the saving of a friend. 

To be continued…

Every child should care for a baby chick because it teaches empathy, responsibility, and where our food comes from.  First it teaches empathy because they can’t survive without assistance.  They can’t find their own food or water and they need a heat source to stay warm.  You also have to be gentle because they are much smaller than you and if you are not gentle, you could break one of their bones.  Second, caring for a baby chick teaches responsibility.  It teaches responsibility because if you don’t feed them and water them, they could die. If you don’t clean their pen they could get sick. If you have a sick chicken and you can’t save it, sometimes you have to make the hardest decision but the best decision for the animal.  Last, caring for a baby chick teaches where our food comes from.  It’s important to know this because you can respect what farmers have to do, and you know what’s in your food.  This is why every child should care for a baby chick.    

Summer vacation this year is going to be awesome. I hope we go to the hot springs. They are fun. Some are heated by volcanos! Those are some the best hot springs of all. One time when we went to a hot spring heated by a volcano, and built a pool out of rocks. That was fun. I hope our pool is still there and that we can go there for summer vacation.

In order to make a s’more you have to get graham crackers, chocolate, and marshmallows. Then start a fire to roast the marshmallows. Then put a marshmallow on a s’more stick. Then roast your marshmallow by the fire. Once you roast your marshmallow, put it on a graham cracker with chocolate. Then put another graham cracker on top and enjoy your treat.

I like to Blacksmith every week to take a break from homework.  I like to do it because it’s relaxing while hitting metal.  It is very loud because of grinders and forges.  It is hot and sweaty in there.  The forges are half cylinders with legs.  They have pretty and hot flames.  When I am done I feel tired and hungry.

Foxes are medium sized animals that are brown and white. They live in holes and hollowed out trees. They eat mice, birds, chickens, ducks and many other things. We had a fox take one of our chickens. There are many types of foxes including the fennec fox and the red fox. The fennec fox only gets as big as a cat. The red fox can get as big as a medium sized dog. Foxes are very cool.

I bought my motor bike for one hundred and fifty dollars and fixed it. The carburetor was clogged with dirt, so I took it apart and cleaned it. It is very fast! I can ride all around our property with it. I had to 3D print an oil cap for it because I lost the one that it came with while riding. I am going to put some stickers on it and give it a little coat of paint, then I’m going to fix the muffler because the back falls off when I go over bumps. Right now I can’t even ride it because of our weather. When I get to ride it again it’s going to be awesome.

My favorite season is summer. First, it is my favorite season because we can ride bikes at our favorite trail, Cheyenne Mountain. Second, we can go swimming at the Great Wolf Lodge. They have a lot of water slides! Third, it is my favorite season because we can go camping by a river. Last time we did that, I found a peace of silver! That is why summer is my favorite season of the year.

My favorite season is summer. It is my favorite season because we can play in sprinklers. There is also green grass on the fields that we can play in. We can ride bikes at the bike park. Go on vacations around the world. We can also go on hikes our favorite hiking spots, And go camping at our favorite camping spots. That is why summer is my favorite season.

Tiger and Fire Salamanders are very amazing. I have seen a Tiger Salamander by mistaking its home as a gopher hole. I dug up its tunnel with a pick axe, and that’s when I found it, a black and yellow lizard crawling along its tunnel. I sketched him and studied him for a little while before putting him back.

Fire Salamanders are found in Central Europe. They are black with yellow stripes or spots, similar to the Tiger Salamander. They eat slugs, spiders, frogs, and many other things. Female and male Fire Salamanders look the same during breeding season so don’t mistake them.

My family includes my dad, my mom, my brothers, and my nana. My dad comes home today. He’s been at work for 101 days. He teaches me how to build things and fix things. My mom started a business to teach us how to run an independent business and how to take care of ourselves. My brothers teach me how to deal with hard people, but I do love them. My nana moved in with us and she makes the best meals. We are building an addition so she can have her own room and doesn’t have to sleep on the couch.

Crocodiles are very large animals with very odd behaviors. Crocodiles do not chew their food, but instead they tear it off in pieces and swallow it whole. They bite into their prey and twist their bodies in circles to tear it into pieces. Crocodiles live in ponds, lakes and rivers. They can stay under water for over two hours giving them an advantage over their prey. They stay very still while watching their prey come for a drink. Crocodiles have more than 100 pounds of bite force that allows them to take down very large prey. The biggest meal they get each year is bison when the bison migrate through the crocodile’s domain to their summer home.

My first piece of advice is try to avoid getting attacked at all cost. In the event I am attacked by an alligator, the best thing to do is punch at its snout or its eyes. I would not try and pry open the jaws because they are much stronger. You may also want to call for help if someone is nearby. I never am going to get attacked by an alligator because I’m not that stupid.

Gardener Snakes vary in location, color, and size. They are found everywhere throughout North America. I live in Colorado in a forest and we often see Gardener snakes so I catch them. The ones I catch are usually greenish brown, but they come in a variety of colors. They are small snakes, but they can move very fast. We used to have a Gardener Snake living in our green house, but I think he moved to a warmer spot. In the summer, I hope we will see him again.

My talent is front flips. I can do them very well. If you want to learn them Flip Shack is the place to go. They teach all kinds of flips. My favorite flip is the back flip. I hope I get to go there again soon.

If a friend was bit by a snake, I’d call 911 as fast as I could. While they were on their way I would try and keep him or her calm, then the poison could not move very fast. When the medical personnel got there and he was treated we would rest.

Caring for a lizard is pretty easy. For its home, all you need is a little aquarium with a few sticks and fake jungle plants. Put them in the aquarium, then put in your lizard. Give it a shallow dish of water, and some food made of bugs. And there you have it, a pet lizard.

I live in Colorado. We don’t have very many poisonous snakes, but here is an experience I never forgot: One poisonous snake in Colorado is the Western Diamond Back Rattle Snakes. In Trinidad, me my dad, my and brother, and my papa, killed a Rattle Snake by throwing rocks on it by the end of a road. We went to the store and when we got back it was dead so we took its rattle home and put it in my nature collection.

Chameleons are small reptiles that can blend into objects around them. They don’t have to worry about predators because the predators can’t see them. Their common color is brown when they’re not trying to hide. God gave them a very special power, and I recommend you go see one.

Alligator Snapping Turtles have a wider mouth than a Common Snapping Turtle. They are also much bigger and heavier then a Common Snapping Turtle. Common Snapping Turtles have a smaller mouth and they are much smaller. The Common Snapping Turtle weighs about 50 to 60 pounds and the Alligator Snapping Turtle weighs about 90 to 100 pounds! Both turtles generally appear more at night but they are not nocturnal. They are both very amazing turtles.

If I had a super power it would be time traveling. Then I could travel back in time to discover and see true history no one else could see. I could write and sell true history books. I could see the ancient pyramids being built and World War II weapons in combat. I could also see the ancient temples of Rome and wars Rome had with other countries. I could buy ancient history books and scrolls for my brother. I could see war ships in combat and the first plane of war. Then I would bring back artifacts and do it again some other day.

The best story I’ve heard is The Green Ember, by S.D Smith. It is a story about rabbits fighting hawks and wolves for freedom. I have all of the books on hold from the library. My favorite book in the series is The Archers Cup. It came out this year and it is my favorite because it has a lot of adventure. I hope many more books come out, as the series is popular. I’m twenty-ninth in the queue for one of the books. I hope you read the series as well.

Our Fishing Trip last year was awesome. We went to Skagway reservoir. It was very big. I had a red and black fishing pole, and my brothers had blue. We fished for a few hours. Our nana and mom were the only ones who caught the fish. We kept two and put the rest back. That night my brother made grilled fish. That was the best fish I ever had and I hope we can go there again.

If I could fly, I would fly to Iraq to see my dad. I would also take him some ice cream from his favorite place, Breuster’s. After that, I would ask my brother if he wanted to play hide-and-seek so I could fly up into the tree tops to hide. He would never find me until I showed myself. Flying would be very fun if I could actually fly.

Basking Sharks are huge sharks, but their throat is only big enough to swallow plankton and a whole grape fruit. Basking Sharks are just a tiny bit smaller than a Whale Shark. They both live off of small fish and plankton. They are also two of the three friendly giants in the ocean, meaning they big sharks but they are harmless to humans. One day I hope to go diving with a friendly giant.

Sharks are large fish that live in the ocean. There are up to 100 species of sharks. Sharks each have different teeth for different foods. Sharks that feed off coral have flat teeth for chewing and sharks that eat fish have pointy teeth for holding on to their prey. Some different sharks lay eggs or grow their pups inside their tummies. Sharks come in all different sizes. The whale shark is the biggest shark in the ocean and it can have three hundred babies in one birth.

Hag fish are a very light brown color and they look like an eel. Their main defense against predators is slime. Hagfish can choke their predator by producing a slime well in the predators mouth. This can cause death to the predator if it doesn’t get the slime out. Hagfish are blind so they wait for something to swim next to them and when it gets close they start eating what is there. They go inside the prey and eat the tender meat because they have no teeth.

By Sawyer W.

The craziest dream I ever had was about a dinosaur. First I had finished eating lunch. Then I went to the store to get groceries. When I came out there was a T-Rex waiting for his lunch. He saw me and started walking towards me. When he stepped, the ground shook. I threw my groceries at him and jumped into a metal garbage can to protect me. The T-Rex saw where I went and picked up the garbage can. He lifted me high into the sky and threw the garbage can. Luckily, I had a parachute and I bailed out of the garbage can and landed at my house where the dinosaur never found me.

There are many species of fish, including Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout which are plentiful in Colorado. But how do they eat? Fish eat by sucking water in through their mouth and letting it out the gills. When they suck in the water, it is like a vacuum. The vacuum sucks in their prey. Fish do this very fast so their prey can’t get away.

Wood Peckers are medium-sized birds mostly colored red, black, and white. There are many types of Wood Peckers including the Ivory Billed Wood Pecker, the Pale Billed Wood Pecker, and many others. Pale Billed Wood Peckers have white stripes down their shoulders and back. Ivory Billed Wood Peckers are one of the largest Wood Peckers in the world, but scientists believe they could be extinct. Were I live, we mostly see the Hairy Wood Pecker and the Northern Flicker.

Parrots are medium-sized birds with lots of colors. Parrots copy sounds from other animals. There are many types of Parrots including the New Zealand Parrot, the African Parrot, the Cape Parrot and many others.

Humming Birds are small birds with colorful bodies. Humming Birds have to drink every ten minutes during the day to survive. They are the only bird that can hover in mid air. Humming Birds can beat their wings eighty times per second. That is really fast.

Penguins are large black, white, and yellow birds. There are many types of penguins including Emperor Penguins and King Penguins. King penguins can grow up four feet tall. The smallest penguin is thirty-three inches tall. It is called the Eudyptula minor. Penguins take care of their young until they are old enough to hunt for themselves.